Civil+War+Battle+Chart

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 * Battle: Name/ Date/ Location || Leaders || Strategic Significance || Political Significance || Other Significance: (Social,Pschologcial, Etc.) ||
 * 1st Manassas
 * //July 21st, 1861//**
 * //Bull Run Creek, outside Manassas, Virginia //**


 2nd Manassas //August 28-30, 1862// //**Bull Run Creek, outside Manassas, Virginia **// ||  ||  1st Manassas: Union: General Irvin McDowell Confederacy: General Beauregard and General Joseph E. Johnston

2nd Manassas: Union: General John Pope Confederacy: General Robert E. Lee and Lieutenant “Stonewall” Jackson ||  ||  The strategic significance of these battles was steep. In the First Battle, the North were unable to break past the Confederate defenses and capture Richmond, allowing the South to relocate the capitol. As a result of the Second Battle, the South, since battered by General McCullen, were able to once again go on the offensive. ||  ||  The political significance of these battles mainly appeared in the form of question of Lincoln’s leadership abilities. It also caused many people to question the beneficence of the war. ||  ||  The First Battle of Manassas in particular had dramatic psychological impact, as it was the first real example of warfare that America had experienced since 1776. When the civilians from Washington came to watch the fight and saw the death and destruction and the reality of war, they were unnerved, to say the least. ||  || March 8, 1862 marked its beginning
 * Peninsular Campaign

Location: Virginia Peninsula by Yorktown and Richmond ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson and Robert E. Lee (south) vs. George McClellan (north) ||   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Gave river way to get to Richmond Before, northerners were vulnerable to southern railroad attacks. The rivers took this advantage away from the south.

It also threatened the south's supply lines.

Goal: Capture Richmond to end the war ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Showed disagreement between McClellan and Lincoln

McClellan had the idea of the peninsular campaign, but Lincoln wanted to attack the south on multiple fronts to exploit the south's small army. ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> This showed how cowardly McClellan was. He halted his troops and waited for reinforcements, which led to Robert E. Lee attacking him, forcing him to retreat and end the Peninsular Campaign unsuccessfully.

First large-scale attack on the Eastern Theatre (VA, WV, PA, MD, D.O.C.) ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Shiloh

April 6-7, 1862

Location: Pittsburg Landing and Shiloh in Southwest Tennessee || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Ulysses Grant (Union) vs. Albert Johnston and General Beauregard (Confederacy) ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> This battle was more of a surprise battle. Johnston and his 30,000 or so Confederate troops accidentally ran into Grant and his 25,000 Union troops. Grant was already at Pittsburg Landing and Johnston was moving troops to make sure the Confederacy would maintain Memphis and the Charleston Railroad. A large and bloody battle ensued and became known as "A Very Bloody Affair" ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> This surprise battle was a big victory for the Union as they were able to maintain Pittsburg Landing off the Tennessee River. However, many men (around 24,000) were lost and both sides suffered greatly. ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> This battle proved that the war was not close to over. The Union kept receiving reinforcements to keep the battle going, no matter the loss of life. ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Name: Antietam or Sharpsburg

Date: September 17, 1862

Location: western MD, near Sharpsburg MD and Antietam Creek || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Gen. Robert E. Lee (Confederate) vs. Gen. George B. McClellan (Union) ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Lee's army crossed the Potomac, and attempted to rally troops and get much-needed supplies when he entered Maryland, but he was relatively unsuccessful. Lee's troops were outnumbered, but McClellan didn't employ all his troops, either. Lee wanted to make his way north to Pennsylvania to cut of the east-west railroads, which McLellan would cut off supplies going to Union, but again was unsuccessful. ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Lincoln was upset with MCclellan's performance; he thought that he was too cautious and had a bad battle strategy, which led to a draw rather than a crucial Union victory. McClellan was demoted and Ambrose E. Burnside was promoted to commander of the Army of the Potomac (Union). However, because it was a draw and not a loss, it was viewed as a "win" for the Union. ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Antietam was the first major battle that was photographed. This allowed families of the soldiers to see the brutality of the war. This was the deadliest day in American history. As a result of the battle, Lincoln issued the first Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862. It declared that all slaves in the Confederate States of America (CSA) would be free if the CSA did return to the Union by January 1, 1863. ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> //Date: December 11-15 1862// **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Fredericksburg **

//Location: Fredericksburg, Virginia// ** ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Confederate: Gen. Robert E. Lee Union: Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Union forces were trying to get to the Southern capitol, Richmond, but were stopped by the well-entrenched Confederate Forces. Before reaching Fredericksburg, they faced the challenge of crossing the Rappahannok River because they were awaiting supplies to build pontoons, which were delayed several weeks. By the time the Union got across, the Southern forces were positioned so well and strongly that they had a third of the number of casualties then what the Union suffered. This also ended both the Union's campaign effectively to the Southern capitol and Burnside's plan for quick, rapid movement and victories. ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> While Lee was promoted as a jubilant hero, Radical newspapers attacked both Burnside (who was relieved of his position a month later) and Lincoln who guilt could be clearly scene. ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> The Union suffered many casulities which contributed to the low morale after the battle. On the other hand the Confederate army's morale was high because of their big victory. ||  || The Dakota War of 1862
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">War in the West/ against Indians

-Started on August 17th -Ended on December 26th

-Southwest Minnesota river in southwest Minnesota ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> -Dakota Indians: Little Crow - America: General John Pope and Colonel Henry Hastings Sibley

//Sand Creek Massacre 11/29/64// ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> -Minnesota militia (instead of army) was able to stop the uprising - Indians went to war knowing America couldn’t focus on it too much because they were in a civil war ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> - Aftermath of war - unfair trials for Dakota Tribes -No witnesses -Not represented in Court -Convicted 303 prisoners to be executed - required presidents approval of death sentences because it was a military tribunal (court for enemies during war time) -Lincoln went through each case individually to see who was really guilty - Only executed 38 in the end -Lincoln was also dealing with Emancipation Proclamation ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> - Largest mass execution in American History - Cadavers were used for medical research and studying - Indians that weren’t killed stayed in prison for almost four years. By the time of their release, 1/3 had died ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Chancellorsville

April 30th- May 6th, 1863

Union: General Joseph Hooker ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Union forces crossed the Rappahannock River with 133,000 troops. Their forces outnumbered the Confederates 2:1 and Lee made a risky decision by fighting back against the Union. He also makes a risky decision by splitting his army during the attack to surround the Union. This decision pays off for him and eventually leads the Lee's brutal victory over the Union. This is known as Lee's "perfect battle." ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> This was one of the most lopsided defeats during the Civil War in favor of the Confederates. Although this battle contained the most Confederate casualties, Chancellorsville was an extremely significant victory for the Confederates ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Lee's right-hand man "Stonewall" Jackson was hit by friendly fire during the battle. He had his right arm amputated and eventually died from pneumonia as an after effect of the amputation. ||  || July 1-3, 1863 ||   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Robert E. Lee for the confederates and George Gordon Meade for the Union ||   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Turning point in the war. Lee led his army through the Shenandoah Valley for his second invasion of the North, hoping to reach as far as Harrisburg Pennsylvania. When the Union army caught them the battle went on for 3 days until the Union won. The battle ended with the failure of Pickett's Charge-- Confederate General George E. Pickett's plan to attack the Union troops on Cemetery Ridge. They charged with 15,000 soldiers but were mass murdered by the Union Army. ||  || Did not determine the outcome of the war, but it was a huge battle that affected thousands. led to the battle of Vicksburg which would create the turning point of the Civil War. ||  || highest number of casualties Lincoln made his famous[|Gettysburg Address.] ||  ||
 * Location: near the village of Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Confederate: General Robert E. Lee
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Gettysburg
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Vicksburg || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Union: Ulyssess S. Grant and William Sherman

Confederacy: John Pemberton ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Grant attempted to attack Vicksburg numerous times and never succeeded. Vicksburg was a fortress river city that could only be attacked on from the east and his numerous attempts failed. He finally decided to move his army from the north to south of Vicksburg along the west of the Mississippi River and crossed over to Bruinsburg. He then moved east to Jackson to take out the Confederates supply line. The Union seized Jackson, the capital of MS, along with a few other towns during along the path. From there Grant moved onto a siege of Vicksburg. The union completely cut the town off from any outside sources and the resources and supplies were deminishing until John C. Pemberton surrendered on July 4th. This final stretch of land gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River to finish off the Anaconda Plan. ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> By capturing Vicksburg, the Union had control of the whole Mississippi River. This in turn split the Confederacy into two parts that had no communication. There wasn't a great deal of political significance to the war besides splitting the enemies land into two separate sections.

The river & railroad systems that Vicksburg controlled were essential possessions of the south that were lost due to the Union's seizure. it was their last source of transportation and food & supplies. The union cut off the southern source. ||  || This war as well as Gettysburg were won after a few losses for the Union. it was a more strategic and less bloody victory for the Union. Vicksburg especially brought up the moral of the Union to conquer and finish off the Confederates. Since this battle finally split the Confederacy into two, it has been considered the turning point of the war. The Confederates had little communication between there two sections so it caused problems to arise. ||  || November-February 1864/1865
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Sherman's March

Location: Atlanta -> Savannah -> SC ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Confederacy: Robert E. Lee

Union: Ulysses S. Grant & William Sherman ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> This was kind of a double sided attack. The main forces were fighting in Virginia (Grant vs. Lee), while the real attack was in Georgia. The length and extremity of this battle was significant because it was probably the most damaging attack on the Confederacy. Although not many people died, it still caused Southerners to have psychological terror. ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> In the election of 1864, Lincoln had a hard time getting renominated and thought he would have an even harder time actually get reelected. However, after Sherman's victory in Atlanta, it was seen as a boost to the Union and Lincoln and he won the election. ||  || The civilians in the areas that were attacked and burned by Sherman's army, lost all confidence in President Davis or the Confederate army. They realized that it was a rich man's war and a poor man's fight, and that the Confederate army was doing nothing to protect them. There was a mass of civilian psychological terror that was experienced. Sherman proved that as the people's morale crumbled, so would the army.

10,000 black slaves also followed Sherman to freedom

Considered one of the most terrible battles in the war, but it worked. It shortened the war, and may have saved lives. Sherman is noted by many Confederate generals as the one who broke their hearts. ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> ||

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